GAMBARAN PERILAKU SELF-HARM SEBAGAI BENTUK EMOTION-FOCUSED COPING PADA REMAJA AKHIR
Keywords:
Self-harm, coping mechanism, adolescentsAbstract
This study aims to describe self-harm behavior in late adolescents as a form of emotion-focused coping used to channel negative emotions. The research employed a qualitative design with a phenomenological approach to explore the subjective experiences of adolescents engaged in self-harm behavior. The subjects of this study were adolescents aged 18–22 years who continued to engage in self-harm, had not been diagnosed with personality disorders or other mental disorders, and engaged in self-harm with frequent occurrence based on DSM-5 criteria. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, guided observations, and documentation. The findings reveal that self-harm behavior among late adolescents is a response to emotional pressures arising from internal factors, such as academic stress and inner conflict, as well as external factors, including parental pressure and lack of emotional support from the social environment. Self-harm functions as a maladaptive coping mechanism to express and alleviate negative emotions that are difficult to articulate verbally (emotion-focused coping). The study concludes that parental and environmental support is crucial in providing an open space for late adolescents to express their emotions, along with psychological interventions, such as regulation therapy, to help adolescents address self-harm behavior and develop adaptive coping mechanisms.
References
Ackerman, I. (2020). Coping strategies and quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS): A South African online perspective. Doctoral dissertation, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch.
Agonia, A. & Tenorio, A. A. (2024). From Stress to Success: Coping Mechanisms and Academic Motivation among Social Studies Students. IJSART, 10(4), 353-365.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V 5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.
Anggraini, K.R., Lubis, R., & Azzahroh, P. (2022). Pengaruh Video Edukasi Terhadap Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Remaja Awal Tentang Kesehatan Reproduksi. Menara Medika, 5(1), 109-120.
Ardyani, B. & Putri, G. K. (2021). Mekanisme Koping Pada Remaja Di Desa Ragajaya Kecamatan Bojong Gede Kabupaten Bogor. Indonesian Journal of Nursing Scientific, 1(1), 43-50.
Arianto, B. (2024). Triangulasi Metoda Penelitian Kualitatif. Balikpapan: Borneo Novelty Publishing.
Arinda, O. D., & Mansoer, W. W. D. (2021). NSSI (Nonsuicidal Self-Injury) pada Dewasa Muda di Jakarta: Studi fenomenologi interpretatif. Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat: Indonesian Journal of IndigenousPsychology, 8(1), 123-147.
Azizah, N., & Ardhani, T. A. (2024). Mekanisme coping pada remaja dengan perilaku self-harm berdasarkan pendekatan Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT). Madani: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin, 2(12), 986–994. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1458868
Bell, B. T. (2016) Understanding Adolescents. Dalam Little, Linda, Fitton, Daniel, Bell, Beth T. and Toth, Nicola, (eds.) Perspectives on HCI Research with Teenagers. Springer, pp. 11-27
Calunsag, J., Flores, P., Jala, L., & Pamoso, A. H. (2020). Adolescents' Concept of Self-harm. TAGIK, 1(1), 62-74.
Center for Reproductive Health, University of Queensland, & Johns Bloomberg Hopkins School of Public Health. (2022). Indonesia – National Adolescent Mental Health Survey (I-NAMHS): Laporan Penelitian. Pusat Kesehatan Reproduksi.
Delyaputri, Y., Vara, C. G., Patrisia, S., Nurhafizha, D., Puriani, R. A., & Novirson, R. (2025). Fenomena self-injury pada remaja. Guruku: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Sosial Humaniora, 3(2), 94–102. https://doi.org/10.59061/guruku.v3i2.977
Dewi, A. D. C., Sundari, R. I., Yudono, D. T. (2021). Hubungan Mekanisme Koping dengan Tingkat Stress Kerja pada Perawat di Rumah Sakit Umum Wijaya Kusuma Kebumen. Seminar Nasional Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (SNPPKM), 771-781.
Endriyani, S., Lestari, R. D., Lestari, E., & Napitu, I. C. (2022). Gangguan Mental Emosional Dan Depresi Pada Remaja. Health Care Nursing Journal, 4(2), 429–434.
Fajaruddin, M. & Sahrul, S. (2024). Karakteristik kesehatan mental remaja dalam perilaku self harm. Cetta: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 7(4), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.37329/cetta.v7i4.3605
Faried, L., Noviekayati, I. G. A. A., & Saragih,S. (2018). Efektivitas Pemberian Ekspresif Writing Therapy terhadap Kecenderungan Self Injury Ditinjau dari Tipe Kepribadian Introvert. Psikovidya, 22(2), 118-131.
Fatah, R. A. (2024). Penerapan Metode Penelitian Fenomenologi Pada Hermeneutika Hans George Gadamer. Jurnal Kolaboratif Sains, 7(1), 515-524.
Fitriani, A.N., Fedryansyah, M., & Meilany, L. (2022). Coping Mechanism Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir Dalam Menyelsaikan Skripsi Pada Masa Pandemi : Studi Kasus Di Paguyuban Keluarga Mahasiswa Bandung Universitas Padjadjaran. Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (JPPM), 2(3), 377-387.
Hamidah, S., & Rizal, M. S. (2022). Edukasi Kesehatan Reproduksi dan Perkembangan Remaja di Panti Asuhan Yatim Muhammadiyah Kecamatan Gresik Kabupaten Gresik Jawa Timur. Journal of Community Engagement in Health, 5(2), 237–248.
Hanan, A. F., Kusmawati, A., Putri, T. E., & Oktaviani, T. (2024). Pentingnya dukungan sosial terhadap perilaku self-harm pada remaja yang merasa kesepian. Concept: Journal of Social Humanities and Education, 3(1), 211–218. https://doi.org/10.55606/concept.v3i1.998
HIMPSI. (2010). Kode Etik Psikologi Indonesia. Jakarta: Pengurus Pusat Himpunan Psikologi Indonesia. https://nos.wjv-1.neo.id/himpsi-dev/master/Handout-PSY204-Kode-Etik-Psikologi-Indonesia.pdf
Hutagalung, M. F. B., Harahap, E. R., Lubis, R. M., Matondang, A. N., Putri, V., Hasanah, N., & Lubis, R. (2024). Perkembangan Intelektual, Emosi, Sosial dan Moral Remaja. Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 8(2), 25755–25761.
Insani, S. M., & Savira, S. I. (2023). Studi Kasus : Faktor Penyebab Perilaku Self-harm Pada Remaja Perempuan. Character Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi, 10(2), 439–454.
Junjie, M. & Yingxin, M. (2022). The Discussions of Positivism and Interpretivism. Global Academic Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 4(1), 10-14.
Kalangi, P., Rempowatu, F., Rempowatu, F., Tumewu, V., & Ilat, I. P. (2024). Self-harming Pada Remaja. DIDASKALIA : Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Kristen, 5(1), 40-49.
Kandar, D. D. C., & Dewi, R. K. (2024). Manajemen individu dengan resiko self-harm: Mengelola resiko dan bahayanya pada diri sendiri. Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa (JKJ), 12(1), 1-8. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/jkp/article/download/51982/45820/132595
Karimah, K. (2021). Kesepian dan kecenderungan perilaku menyakiti diri sendiri pada remaja dari keluarga tidak harmonis. Psikoborneo: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi, 9(2), 367- 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/psikoborneo.v9i2.5978
Kusumadewi, A. F., Yoga, B. H., Sumarni, S., & Ismanto, S. H. (2019). Self-harm Inventory (SHI) Versi Indonesia Sebagai Instrumen Deteksi Dini Perilaku Self-harm. Jurnal Psikiatri Surabaya, 8(1), 20-25.
Leather, J. Z., O'Connor, R. C., Quinlivan, L., Kapur, N., Campbell, S., & Armitage, C. J. (2020). Healthcare professionals' implementation of national guidelines with patients who self-harm. Journal of psychiatric research, 130, 405–411.
Mmari, K., Mafuta, E., Yu, C., Pinandari, A., Borges, A. L. V., Maddaleno, M., & Martinez-Baack, M. (2024). Coping Strategies Among Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Cultural Exploration. The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 75(6S), S50–S56.
Mufidha, A. (2019). Dukungan Sosial Teman Sebaya Sebagai Prediktor Psychological Well-Being pada Remaja. Acta Psychologia, 1(1), 34-42.
Mulyaningsih, N. I. (2022). Strategi Coping stress Perilaku Self-injury Pada Remaja Platform Media Sosial Twitter Tahun 2021. Bachelor degree’s thesis, FISHUM, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga.
Nasir, A., Nurjana, N., Shah, K., Sirodj, R. A., & Afgani, M. W. (2023). Pendekatan Fenomenologi Dalam Penelitian Kualitatif . Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research, 3(5), 4445–4451.
Nasution, F. Z., & Angraini, S. (2021). Gambaran Perilaku Self-harm Pada Remaja. Jurnal Rumpun Ilmu Kesehatan, 1(1), 121-137.
Nasution, A. F. (2023). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: CV. Harfa Creative.
Nugraha, A., Sugara, G. S., & Nurhanifa, F. (2024). Gambaran Gaya Koping (Coping Style) Pada Pelaku Melukai Diri (Self Injuri). Journal of Innovative Counseling: Theory, Practice, and Research, 7(1), 49-61
Permatasari, D. I. & Wibowo, D.H. (2024). Hubungan Antara Emotion Focused-Coping Dengan Psychological Well-Being Pada Guru SMK Swasta. Media Bina Ilmiah, 18(7), 1685-1704.
Pervin, N., & Mokhtar, M. (2022). The Interpretivist Research Paradigm: A Subjective Notion of a Social Context. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 11(2), 419–428.
Pratama, D. & Sari, Y. P. (2021). Karakteristik Perkembangan Remaja. Edukasimu.org, 1(3), 1-9.
Pratama, P. Y. S., & Nugrahaeni Widiasavitri, P. (2024). Pengalaman Remaja Bali Yang Melakukan Perilaku Self-Injury. Journal of Comprehensive Science (JCS), 3(9), 4339–4352.
Primadasa, A. & Raihana, P. A. (2022). The Relationship between Coping Strategies and Academic Adjustment with Academic Stress of Students during COVID-19 Online Learning Pandemic. International Summit on Science Technology and Humanity (ISETH) 2022, 324-332.
Purnamasari, A. P., & La Kahija, Y. F. (2020). Mengajar Sembari Belajar: Sebuah Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis tentang Pengalaman Pengajar Muda Gerakan Indonesia Mengajar. Jurnal EMPATI, 7(3), 1020-1030.
Ragita, S. P., & Fardana N., N. A. (2021). Pengaruh Keterlibatan Ayah Dalam Pengasuhan Terhadap Kematangan Emosi Pada Remaja. Buletin Riset Psikologi Dan Kesehatan Mental (BRPKM), 1(1), 417–424.
Rahmy, H.A & Muslimahayati. (2021). Depresi dan Kecemasan Remaja Ditinjau dari Perspektif Kesehatan dan Islam. Journal of Demography, Ethnography and Social Transformation, 1(1), 35-44.
Ramli. (2023). BAB II Sumber Data, Subyek Penelitian Dan Isu Terkait. Dalam Ratnaningtyas, E. M., Ramli, Syafruddin, Saputra, E., Suliwati, D., Suliwati, B. T. A., Karimuddin, Aminy, M. H., Saputra, N., Khaidir, & Jahja, A. S. (ed.). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Aceh: Yayasan Penerbit Muhammad Zaini.
Russell, K., Rasmussen, S., & Hunter, S. C. (2020). Does mental well-being protect against self-harm thoughts and behaviors during adolescence? A six-month prospective investigation. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(18), 6771. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186771
Sadath, A., Troya, M. I., Nicholson, S., Cully, G., Leahy, D., Ramos Costa, A. P., Benson, R., Corcoran, P., Griffin, E., Phillip, E., Cassidy, E., Jeffers, A., Shiely, F., Alberdi-Páramo, Í., Kavalidou, K., & Arensman, E. (2023). Physical and mental illness comorbidity among individuals with frequent self-harm episodes: A mixed-methods study. Frontiers in psychiatry, 14, 1121313. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1121313
Safira, F., & Prabawa, A. (2024). Konsep Teori Hubungan Resiliensi dan Religiositas Dengan Perilaku Self-harm Pada siswa. Social, Humanities, and Educational Studies (SHES): Conference Series, 7(3), 623 – 632.
Sailo, H. & Varghese, D. (2024). Academic Stress, Its Sources, Effects and Coping Mechanisms Among College Students. International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research, 9(3), 124-132.
Sambuaga, M. C., Akemat, A., Wisnusakti, K., Mustikasari, M., & Imelisa, R. (2024). Perilaku merusak diri pada usia dewasa muda. Journal of Telenursing (JOTING), 6(2), 2373-2383. https://doi.org/10.31539/joting.v6i2.11755
Saputra, M.R., Mukti, D.A., Angelina, R., Maharani, P.A., Yuniarti, B.D., Fitria, S., Saefullah, N.R., Nisrina, H., Aprilia, N.J., & hidayat, R. (2022). Kerentanan Self-harm Pada Remaja Di Era Modernisasi. Proceeding Conference On Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 1(1), 28-33.
Soesilo, T. D. (2019). Ragam dan Prosedur Penelitian Tindakan. Salatiga: Satya Wacana University Press.
Suryana, E. A., Hasdikurniati, A. I., Harmayanti, A. A., & Harto, K. (2022). Perkembangan remaja awal, menengah, dan implikasinya terhadap pendidikan. Jurnal Ilmiah Mandala Education, 8(3), 1917-1928.
Tamiya, A., Wahyuni, S., & Hasneli, Y. (2022). Mekanisme Koping Mahasiswa Keperawatan Dalam Menyelesaikan Tugas Akhir Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19. JKEP, 7(1), 1-11.
Thesalonika & Apsari, N.C. (2022). Perilaku Self-harm Atau Melukai Diri Sendiri Yang Dilakukan Oleh Remaja. Focus : Jurnal Pekerjaan Sosial, 4(2), 213-224.
Tuffour, I. (2017). A Critical Overview of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis: A Contemporary Qualitative Research Approach. Journal of Healthcare Communications, 2(4), 1-5.
Ulfa, F. N. & Rastika, I. (2023). “49 Anak Sekolah Lakukan "Self Harm", Menteri PPPA: Miris, Mereka Ikuti Tren Media Sosial”. Diakses dari https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2023/03/20/10371891/49-anak-sekolah-lakukan-self-harm-menteri-pppa-miris-mereka-ikuti-tren-media. pada 3 Agustus 2025
Ulfa, L., & Kristinawati, W. (2025). Hubungan antara kematangan emosi dengan perilaku self-harm pada remaja perempuan. Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge, 4(10), 7315–7326. https://bajangjournal.com/index.php/JIRK/article/view/9842
Wahyuni, S. (2022). Teknik Pengumpulan Data dalam Penelitian Kualitatif. Dalam Fiantika, F. R., Wasil, M., Jumiyati, S., Honesti, L., Wahyuni, S., Mouw, E., Jonata, Mashudi, I., Hasanah, N., Maharani, A., Ambarwati, K., Noflidaputri, R., Nuryami, & Waris, L. (ed.). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Padang: PT. Global Eksekutif Teknologi
Widyawati, R. A., & Kurniawan, A. (2021). Pengaruh Paparan Media Sosial Terhadap Perilaku Self-harm Pada Pengguna Media Sosial Emerging Adulthood. Buletin Riset Psikologi Dan Kesehatan Mental (BRPKM), 1(1), 120–128.
Wrycza, I. M. T., & Susilawati, L. K. P. A. (2024). Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi self-injury pada remaja. Jurnal Psikologi Mandala, 8(1), 31–38. https://doi.org/10.36002/jpm.v8i1.3017
Xie, L., Tang, L., Liu, Y., Dong, Z., & Zhang, X. (2025). Global burden and trends of self-harm from 1990 to 2021, with predictions to 2050. Frontiers in public health, 13, 1571579. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1571579
Zakaria, Z. Y., & Theresa, R. M. (2020). Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi perilaku nonsuicidal self-Injury (NSSI) pada remaja putri. Jurnal Psikologi Sains Dan Profesi, 4(2), 85–90. https://doi.org/10.24198/jpsp.v4i2.26404
Zulkifli, I. S. D., Firdausiyyah, K. Z., & ’Izzah, N. M. (2024). Eksplorasi pengalaman dan dinamika coping pada korban Nonsuicide Self-Injury. Psychological Journal: Science and Practice, 4(1), 209–214.
