HUMANITIS: Jurnal Homaniora, Sosial dan Bisnis

XI JINPING DAN MOBILISASI SUMBER DAYA NASIONAL TIONGKOK: MODEL KEPEMIMPINAN TEKNOKRATIS DAN IMPLIKASINYA BAGI INDONESIA

Sun, 14 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

President Xi Jinping’s leadership in China exemplifies a technocratic style focused on mobilizing the nation’s full spectrum of resources science and technology (S&T), industry, and high quality human capital to realize the China Dream, including military modernization. This paper examines how Xi’s technocratic leadership model integrates scientific capability and economic strength into defense strategy through a whole-of-nation approach such as Military-Civil Fusion (MCF), surging defense R&D investment, and military digital transformation. The core question is to what extent the synergy of research technology, defense industry human resources under Xi can inform the reformulation of Indonesia’s defense strategy and accelerate TNI’s digitalization. The study finds that amid Indo-Pacific competition, the ability to harness S&T comprehensively is a key determinant of defense superiority. Indonesia must learn from China’s approach, for example, by integrating research institutes, industries, and the military; boosting defense R&D; and building a TNI cyber force, to achieve a strategic leap toward Golden Indonesia 2045. Crucially, any such adaptation must be aligned with Indonesia’s Pancasila democracy and national context, ensuring that the defense strength built is not a threat to peace but a power to protect the nation.

MENGURANGI KEBISINGAN DARI BUNYI KLAKSON SEBAGAI BENTUK CARA MENGHARGAI DALAM LINGKUP MASYARAKAT BALIKPAPAN

Diana Pabulang, Putry Regina Ayu Prayoga — Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Traffic noise is an urban environmental problem that negatively impacts physical and psychological health, particularly due to the use of vehicle horns. However, in Balikpapan, a unique phenomenon was found in the form of minimal horn use, creating a calmer traffic environment. This study used descriptive qualitative methods through literature studies, observations, and regulatory reviews to analyze horns as a driving culture, the impact of minimal noise on health, the synergy of regulations with public awareness, and Balikpapan's opportunities as a model for traffic ethics education. The results show that the habit of not honking has become a new social norm that increases comfort and reduces stress in the community. This success is supported by government regulations and collective public awareness. Balikpapan also has the potential to become an example of traffic ethics education at the national level. In conclusion, the minimal use of horns in Balikpapan is not only a good traffic practice but also a strategy to build a more polite, healthy, and sustainable driving culture.

KEPEMIMPINAN TRUMP DAN NASIONALISME SUMBER DAYA: REFLEKSI TERHADAP KEMANDIRIAN DOKTRIN PERTAHANAN INDONESIA

Sun, 14 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study examines Donald Trump’s leadership characterized by resource nationalism under the “America First” policy and its implications for Indonesia’s defense logistics self-reliance strategy and doctrine. Geopolitical polarization across multiple domains (energy, technology, cyber, information) during Trump’s era was marked by an emphasis on national self-reliance, for example, withdrawing from global agreements (Paris Accord) and pushing full exploitation of domestic energy resources. Trump’s leadership style has been described as populist, protectionist, isolationist, and nationalist, often pursuing transactional “deal-making” to advance U.S. interests. Prior studies discuss Trump’s policies broadly, but have yet to explore their impact on Indonesia’s defense independence concept. Using a descriptive-qualitative approach and comparative case study, this research juxtaposes the “America First” strategy (USA) with “Indonesia First” efforts in achieving self-reliance in the defense sector. Findings indicate Trump’s policies of defense re-industrialization and energy “dominance” in the U.S. provide valuable lessons for Indonesia to strengthen its defense equipment and logistics autonomy in line with Pancasila values and the spirit of berdikari (standing on one’s own feet). Indonesia should develop a self-reliant defense posture supported by a strong domestic industry and strategic resource reserves, while still engaging internationally under its independent-and-active foreign policy. Indonesia’s future defense doctrine should embody “Active Self-Reliance”: achieving autonomy in defense capabilities, yet remaining proactive in defense diplomacy. This approach would enhance the Indonesian Armed Forces’ readiness amid global disruptions and ensure the long-term sovereignty and dignity of Indonesia’s defense.

SIBER, INFORMASI, DAN KEPEMIMPINAN ERA DIGITAL: TRANSFORMASI SUMBER DAYA TEKNOLOGI DALAM DOKTRIN PERTAHANAN INDONESIA

Evi Bayu Priatno, Hendra Saputra, Tarsisius Susilo, Nurhidayat, Tuwadi — Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The digital era has introduced a new domain of warfare: cyberspace and information. Major powers such as Russia, the United States, and Israel demonstrate how visionary leadership in cyberspace can transform technology into strategic defense capabilities. Russia integrates cyberattacks and disinformation as geopolitical tools, the U.S. has established the Defend Forward doctrine alongside broad public–private partnerships, while Israel, through Unit 8200, embeds cyber operations into every military campaign. Indonesia, facing rising threats such as massive data breaches and disinformation campaigns, urgently needs a distinctive national cyber defense doctrine. This article analyzes global leadership models, assesses Indonesia’s existing gaps, and proposes a cyber defense framework grounded in Pancasila and TNI’s values of struggle. Findings suggest that without doctrinal reform, Indonesia risks becoming a soft target in global cyber warfare. However, through transformational leadership and proactive policies, Indonesia can transform technological resources into a resilient digital defense shield, aligned with the vision of Indonesia Emas 2045.

ERDOĞAN DAN KONVERGENSI SUMBER DAYA GEOSTRATEGIS TURKI: PELAJARAN BAGI INDONESIA SEBAGAI POROS MARITIM DUNIA

Sun, 14 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan has capitalized on Turkey’s unique position at the crossroads of Europe and Asia with an Ottoman heritage to assert regional influence. Through a convergence of geostrategic resources, Erdoğan integrates Turkey’s geographical advantages, domestically built military power, and historical-cultural capital to elevate Turkey as a regional player. This paper examines Erdoğan’s strategy in leveraging strategic location (the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits), military strength and defense industry (e.g. Bayraktar drones, the “Blue Homeland” doctrine), as well as Ottoman historical legacy and soft power (popular TV series, Muslim diplomacy) that bolster Turkey’s leadership in the Islamic world. It then discusses the relevance and lessons for Indonesia a strategically located archipelago in the Indo-Pacific in realizing its Global Maritime Fulcrum vision. Using comparative strategic analysis, we identify key elements: (a) the importance of exploiting geostrategic location (chokepoint straits) via diplomacy and sovereignty enforcement; (b) building national maritime power and self-reliant defense industries; (c) harnessing historical capital and cultural diplomacy to support regional leadership; and (d) adapting strategies to Indonesia’s context of a non-aligned, peace-oriented foreign policy. In conclusion, Indonesia can constructively adapt Erdoğan’s “convergence” approach by developing robust sea power, proactive maritime diplomacy, and a strong maritime identity to become a Global Maritime Fulcrum that is influential yet remains peaceful in line with Pancasila values.

GERAKAN MAHASISWA LAWAN PINJOL DAN JUDOL DEMI KEUANGAN SEHAT KELUARGA SELAMAT

Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The Community Service Program (KKN) in Cerme Kidul Village, Cerme District, Gresik Regency aims to educate the community about the importance of household financial literacy, particularly in addressing the rise of online loans (pinjol) and online gambling (judol), which negatively impact family economic stability. The community’s lack of understanding of financial management is a major factor in the increasing number of cases of residents engaging in online loans (pinjol) and online gambling (judol). Through educational programs such as outreach, group discussions, and the distribution of information media, KKN students actively play a role in raising public awareness of the risks and negative impacts of online loans (pinjol) and online gambling. The results of the program indicate an increased public understanding of how to manage finances wisely, as well as a growing critical attitude toward illegal financial services and online gambling. It is hoped that this program will be the first step in building family economic resilience at the village level and fostering a culture of thrift and freedom from the trap of debt and online gambling.

TRANSFORMASI KEPEMIMPINAN DIGITAL DALAM DOKTRIN PERTAHANAN: STUDI PERBANDINGAN RUSIA, AMERIKA SERIKAT, DAN ISRAEL SEBAGAI BASIS PENGUATAN PERTAHANAN SIBER INDONESIA

Tue, 23 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study examines the transformation of digital leadership in defense doctrines, focusing on lessons from Russia, the United States, and Israel, and their implications for the urgency of establishing an Indonesian cyber defense doctrine. The research employs a literature-based approach through strategic comparative studies, policy analysis, and global benchmarking. Findings reveal that Russia emphasizes digital sovereignty through strategic information control; the United States prioritizes multisectoral collaboration and technological innovation; while Israel highlights leadership flexibility and the development of digital human capital. Benchmarking indicates that Indonesia should integrate these three approaches in formulating a national cyber defense doctrine rooted in Pancasila values, national interests, and the principle of state sovereignty. Therefore, the establishment of a cyber defense doctrine in Indonesia is a strategic necessity to strengthen national security, protect critical infrastructure, and develop adaptive digital leadership in the era of technological disruption.

ALI KHAMENEI DAN KETAHANAN IDEOLOGIS IRAN: KEPEMIMPINAN SPIRITUAL-MILITER DALAM MENGELOLA SUMBER DAYA UNTUK RESISTENSI NASIONAL

Sun, 14 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, as Iran’s Supreme Leader, combines spiritual authority with military influence in his leadership. Under Khamenei, Iran faces severe international sanctions and global pressure, yet has endured through strong ideological resilience. This paper analyzes how integrating ideology (values of the Islamic Revolution and Shi’ism) with Iran’s self-reliant defense strategies (such as the resistance economy and domestic military development) has been key to national resistance. Khamenei launched the “Resistance Economy” concept emphasizing self-sufficiency and diversification for example, achieving fuel independence by building domestic refineries, bolstering food security, and developing defense technology (local drones and ballistic missiles) Khamenei’s spiritual-military leadership –legitimized by the principle of Wilayat al-Faqih enables him to guide the people ideologically while also controlling military strategy, as seen when he issued a fatwa banning nuclear weapons yet still pushed for strengthened civilian nuclear capacity. In comparison, Indonesia’s defense is guided by the Pancasila ideology and the 1945 patriotic values. This study compares Iran’s principle of ideological resilience with that of Indonesia, which, although different (theocracy vs. Pancasila), both emphasize ideological strength in defense. The findings indicate that a strong state ideology can foster national solidarity against threats, with the caveat that differing contexts require strategic adaptation. Implication: Indonesia can learn from Iran the importance of ideological resilience, but apply it according to Pancasila values making Indonesia’s defense resolute in protecting sovereignty while remaining humane.

EFEKTIVITAS SERTIFIKAT ELEKTRONIK SEBAGAI BUKTI KEPEMILIKAN HAK ATAS TANAH DALAM RANGKA MEWUJUDKAN E-GOVERNMENT

Eka Ermala, Arga Chon Feriandref, Othman Ballan, Mubaraq, Duwi Aryadi — Sun, 14 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to identify and analyze the effectiveness of electronic certificates as proof of ownership of land rights and how electronic land certificates are able to realize the implementation of electronic-based government (E-government), the advantages and disadvantages of conventional certificates and electronic certificates, and discuss the inhibiting factors for the implementation of electronic certificates in efforts to realize E-government. This study uses a normative juridical research method, by reviewing laws and regulations, including Law Number 1 of 2024, the second amendment to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning ITE, Presidential Regulation Number 95 of 2018 concerning Electronic-Based Government Systems (E-government), Regulation of the Ministry of ATR / BPN Number 3 of 2023 concerning the Issuance of electronic documents in land registration activities, Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 71 of 2019 concerning the Implementation of Electronic Systems and Transactions, Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration.

ANALISIS PASAL 16 AYAT (1) UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 2 TAHUN 2014 TERHADAP INDEPENDENSI NOTARIS DALAM PRAKTIK REKANAN BANK

Aria Roby Putra — Sun, 14 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to analyze the provisions of Article 16 paragraph (1) of Law Number 2 of 2014 concerning the Position of Notary, specifically regarding the principle of notary independence when practicing as a bank partner. This article regulates the obligation of notaries to act honestly, independently, impartially, and protect the interests of the parties involved in every deed. However, in practice, the involvement of notaries as bank partners has the potential to create a conflict of interest, considering the existence of a commercial cooperative relationship between the notary and the bank. This study is a literature study with a normative legal research method, using a statute approach. The results of the analysis show that the cooperation between Notaries and Banks is contractual, but has the potential to violate the principle of neutrality because it creates a special relationship with one of the parties facing the notary. Provisions on honorariums and other rights often trigger conflicts of interest that are contrary to Article 16 paragraph (1) letter a of the UUJN and Article 3 paragraph (4) of the Notary Code of Ethics. This condition can risk reducing the status of the deed to a private deed or making it null and void by law, so an evaluation is needed to maintain the integrity and public trust in the notary profession.

ANALISIS PERKEMBANGAN BISNIS RUMAH MAKAN PADANG ELOK BASAMO DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI PESAN ANTAR SECARA ONLINE

Dian Nur Ardila, Suci Nur Utami, Khusnul Khotimah — Sun, 14 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The current development of e-commerce in Indonesia cannot be separated from people's habits that demand practicality and speed. There has been a change in consumer behavior from usually buying food offline to now switching to buying food online using services in the marketplace. This has led to an increase in food delivery transactions. The purpose of this research is to determine the factors that influence consumer behavior in purchasing food using online delivery services. The sampling method used by the author is comfortable sampling, namely a sampling technique using free samples according to the author's wishes. The sample size is 100 respondents. The research results show that overall the factors have a significant influence and contribution simultaneously. And partially, the factor that has a significant influence is the personal control factor, while the attitude and subjective norm factors do not have a significant influence on online food purchasing decisions.

FIT ASSESSMENT IN GARMENT CHOICES AND USAGE OF UNIVERSITIES’ STUDENTS: PERCEIVED CONSEQUENCES FOR WELL BEING

Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The study assessed fit garment choices and usage of universities’ students: perceived consequences for well being. Two research questions and a null hypothesis guided the study. Study area was Delta state and 34,142 students constitute the population from all the seven public universities in the state. Through multi-stage sampling, two universities each (federal and state) were randomly selected. Then proportionate sampling was used to select 335 subjects and 9 users model were purposively selected. Structured questionnaire was used to collect the data; mean, standard deviation and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used for data analyses. Findings showed poor fit on students garment choices and usage viz; neckline sagging, shoulder not hanging smoothly, garment loose/sag at hip, above knee length, no ease in garment, usability and overall fit of garment when sitting, standing and in motion and these have negative consequences such as low self esteem, indecent appearance, lack of self confidence, sexual harassment among others on students well being. The small, medium, and large size-based students (users) did not significantly differ in their responses on 19 items on the fit requirements of the garments but, significantly differed on 17 items. Conclusively, well fitted garments enhance students’ self esteem, body image, self confidence, comfort and daily activities. Therefore, orientation on dress sense will help ensure decent garment choices and usage among student in the universities in Nigeria.

GEOPOLITIK KEPEMIMPINAN GLOBAL DAN KOMPETISI SUMBER DAYA: PERSPEKTIF INDO-PASIFIK DAN PETA ULANG DOKTRIN PERTAHANAN RI

M. Effendi, Rudi Hartono, Tarsisius Susilo, Setiawan Arismunandar, Edi Wahyudi — Sun, 14 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The contest for global leadership is increasingly centered in the Indo-Pacific, where major powers the United States, China, and Russia are vying for strategic resources. This rivalry spans multiple domains (energy, critical minerals, technology, land, and information) and is reshaping the region’s security architecture. This article examines how resource competition (for example, disputes over oil in the South China Sea, the 5G and semiconductor race, and struggles for supply routes) is impacting Indo-Pacific geopolitics and influencing Indonesia’s security environment. It underlines the urgency for Indonesia to respond by recalibrating its national defense doctrine. Grounded in the Asta Cita 2045 vision, Indonesia must formulate an adaptive defense doctrine that strengthens maritime security, multi-domain capabilities (cyber and space), and defense diplomacy all while upholding its independent and active foreign policy. Using an interdisciplinary approach, this study identifies patterns of resource rivalry among great powers, assesses the threats and opportunities for Indonesia, evaluates gaps in Indonesia’s current defense doctrine, and proposes a new “Indo-Pacific” defense doctrine framework aligned with the Indonesia Gold 2045 agenda. The analysis recommends a proactive and comprehensive Indonesian defense doctrine to safeguard sovereignty and national resources amid global rivalry, enabling Indonesia to contribute constructively to regional stability toward 2045.

KEPEMIMPINAN DI ERA KERJA HYBRID: TANTANGAN, PELUANG, DAN STRATEGI EFEKTIF

Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The digital transformation and the evolving work patterns in the post–COVID-19 era have accelerated the emergence of hybrid work models that combine in-office and remote work. This shift requires significant adaptation in organizational leadership styles. This article explores in depth the key challenges faced by leaders in hybrid environments, including communication barriers, the preservation of organizational culture, equitable access, and the management of distributed team performance. Conversely, it also highlights the opportunities brought forth, such as the acceleration of digital transformation, greater flexibility, access to global talent pools, and improved employee retention. Drawing on modern leadership theories and recent empirical studies, the article offers strategies for effective leadership in the hybrid era—ranging from transparent communication, outcome-based leadership, trust-building and team engagement, the use of collaborative technologies, to the critical role of empathy and adaptability. Case studies and empirical data, both from global contexts and Indonesia, are included to enrich the discussion. The article concludes that hybrid work is not a temporary trend but a permanent transformation in the world of work; hence, leaders are required to be adaptive and innovative for organizations to achieve optimal performance within this new paradigm.

PUTIN DAN KEDAULATAN ENERGI: KEPEMIMPINAN AUTARKI SEBAGAI BASIS STRATEGI PERTAHANAN NASIONAL

Sun, 14 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Vladimir Putin’s autarkic leadership emphasizes Russia’s self-reliance in resources, particularly energy, as the foundation of its national defense strategy. Western geopolitical pressures such as NATO expansion and economic sanctions pushed Putin to weaponize energy as Russia’s strategic bargaining tool. This article examines how Putin’s energy sovereignty policies shaped Russia’s defense capabilities and explores lessons Indonesia can adopt in building a defense system based on strategic natural resources. Literature shows that Russia has leveraged its dominance in oil and gas exports for geopolitical influence, while domestically reinforcing state control over the energy sector and pursuing defense self-sufficiency despite sanctions. This study employs a qualitative case study approach, comparing Russia’s experience with Indonesia’s context. The analysis confirms that mastery of natural resources strengthens defense resilience; Russia financed its military modernization through energy windfalls and remained relatively resilient against embargoes through local innovation. For Indonesia, energy sovereignty is a prerequisite for long-term defense and must be integrated into national doctrine. However, Indonesia’s approach must adhere to Pancasila ethics utilizing resources for self-defense without weaponizing them for coercion. Key recommendations include cross-sector synergy (Energy–Defense) to secure strategic reserves for the armed forces, investment in new energy sources (biofuels, batteries) for military platforms, and strengthening resource-based defense industries. These steps will shape Indonesia’s 2045 defense posture into a resilient and self-reliant system, aligned with ethical values and global cooperation.

STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN WISATA KULINER KOTA LUBUK LINGGAU MELALUI SOSIAL MEDIA INSTAGRAM @jajan_linggau

Tifanny Marchshanda, I Nyoman Sunarta, Dian Pramita Sugiarti — Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Culinary tourism is one of the fastest-growing tourism sectors and holds great potential in supporting the local economy, particularly through MSMEs. Lubuk Linggau City, as the second-largest city in South Sumatra Province, possesses significant culinary tourism potential. However, the utilization of social media for the development of this sector remains suboptimal. This study aims to examine the existing condition of culinary tourism in Lubuk Linggau City and to analyze development strategies implemented through the Instagram account @jajan_linggau. The research employed a descriptive-qualitative method with a case study approach, using data collection techniques such as direct observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation. SWOT analysis was also applied to formulate development strategies culinary tourism in Lubuk Linggau City for the Instagram account as a medium of culinary promotion. The findings indicate that @jajan_linggau actively promotes local culinary MSMEs through engaging visual content, interactive captions, and the use of Instagram features such as feed, stories, and reels. The identified development strategies include collaboration with MSME actors and government, strengthening local brand image, and optimizing digital content. This study concludes that social media, particularly Instagram, plays a strategic role in developing regional culinary tourism when supported by consistent content, cross-sector collaboration, and creative and sustainable marketing approaches.

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK KULIT JERUK SUNKIST MUDA DAN TUA DENGAN METODE DPPH

Pedro Shane M Simbolon, Rudi Munzirwan Siregar — Sun, 14 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Sunkist orange (Citrus sinensis L.) is known to contain various secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, phenols, essential oils, tannins, terpenoids, and steroids, which contribute to its biological activities, particularly as antioxidants. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the antioxidant activity of young and mature Sunkist orange peel extracts using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. Peel samples were extracted via maceration with 96% ethanol, and antioxidant activity was measured at concentrations of 5, 10, 20, and 40 ppm, with vitamin C (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 ppm) serving as the positive control. The results indicated that antioxidant activity increased with concentration. The IC₅₀ values obtained were 114.73 ppm for young peel extract, 54.32 ppm for mature peel extract, and 7.10 ppm for vitamin C. Based on these results, young peel extract exhibited moderate antioxidant activity, while mature peel extract demonstrated strong antioxidant activity. The higher antioxidant capacity of mature peel is likely associated with increased flavonoid and phenolic content during ripening. These findings highlight the potential of mature Sunkist orange peel, often regarded as agricultural waste, as a sustainable natural source of antioxidants for pharmaceutical and food applications.

DETEKSI METAMFETAMIN DARI RAMBUT PENGGUNA SABU-SABU MENGGUNAKAN EKSTRAKSI BERBANTUAN SONIKASI DAN KROMATOGRAFI KOLOM

Yuli Bella Shinta Simamora, Sri Adelila Sari — Tue, 23 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Methamphetamine is powerful addictive stimulant that poses significant public health and social challenges, requiring accurate identification for forensic studies and medical assesments. Hait analysis offers a non-invasive way to assess long-term drug use. This research analyzed methamphetamine concentrations in hair samples from drug users using sonication-assisted extraction and subsequent purification of the extract via column chromathography. A combination of methanol, acetone, and ammonia was employed to extract four hair samples (5:1,2:0,08), identified as the most effective solvent system. The compounds were the separated by processing the extracts through column chromatograpghy. The acquired fractions were tested using marquis reagent. Every sample uniformly displayed a distinct yellowish-brown color when combined with the marquis reagent, signifying the presence of the methamphetamine. The efficiency of this method was attributed to the joint effect of sonication, which aids in analyte release, and the improved solvent system. This study highlighted the potential to integrate sonication-assisted extraction with column chromathrograpghy and marquis reagent for the precise detection of methamphetamine in complex hair matrices, essential for forensic toxicology and clinical analysis.